模糊马尔可夫随机场理论在阴影检测中的应用

阴影的检测是目标检测、目标跟踪、视频监控等领域的一个关键问题。提出了一种基于模糊马尔可夫随机场的阴影检测算法。该算法把阴影检测问题看做是一个求最优化的像素点分类问题。对于输入的视频,提取背景图像,找出阴影和前景目标物体区域。通过计算阴影概率分布,前景概率分布,隶属度函数,建立模糊马尔可夫随机场。应用贝叶斯准则,最大后验(MAP)估计和条件迭代模式(ICM)算法,寻找最优化的模糊马尔可夫随机场,并利用最大隶属度原则消除模糊性,得到阴影检测的结果。实验证明,文中算法具有较好的阴影检测率和目标检测率。     

基于图割及动态片结构的3维人脸多视图体重建

针对3维人脸重建问题提出了一种新颖的多视图体重建方法,以解决目前3维人脸重建方法只适用于小样本集合,大范围推广时精度难以保证的弱点。该方法创新之处在于将基于特征点匹配的重建方法与立体重建方法结合引入到图割优化框架,并应用于3维人脸重建。本文两个重要改进工作是设计动态片结构描述来进行颜色一致性估计以及设计新的动态图结构以去除半个体素尺寸的重建误差。实验中分别采用8张、16张和30张存在亮度变化的人脸多视角图像验证算法。实验结果逼真,同时避免了传统重建方法结果受限于样本集分布的问题。     

高精度高速度曲面建模的3维地表模拟和漫游算法

三维真实感地形场景是生态系统模拟、虚拟地理环境和三维GIS不可或缺的要素,而高精度高速度曲面建模方法可以动态实时构建高精度曲面模型。论文引入高精度高速度曲面建模方法,提出了一种可以动态生成地表模型并实时绘制和漫游三维真实感地表的方法。该方法实时动态建立高精度DEM,结合改进的视点依赖多分辨率绘制方法,随视点改变动态重建并绘制当前DEM。首先建立当前可见场景的DEM,然后通过依赖于视点的简化等处理建立层次细节模型,进行实时场景绘制和漫游,随视点改变,在当前场景基础上动态加点和减点更新DEM及层次细节模型,生成当前可见场景,以次循环。实例测试表明,算法可产生真实感较强的场景,实时漫游效率较高,模拟精确。     

基于微观图像的加工表面3维形貌重建算法研究

切削加工表面由于微观不平度及镜面效应的存在,使得照射其上的光线具有多次散射及后向散射的特性,从而影响了以工件表面图像3维重建形貌的精度。提出了一种基于二向反射分布函数的表面重建算法,构造了以Hapke模型表达的金属切削表面重建方程。该算法以重建方程离散化为手段,计算出光源和物体的倾角和偏角,得到光源和物体的梯度值,最后采用全微分方程对物体表面高度进行恢复。通过对实际切削加工表面图像3维形貌重建结果与触针式测量结果的对比表明,重建形貌粗糙度轮廓贴近实测粗糙度轮廓,证明了本文算法的准确、有效性,为加工表面3维形貌的重建提供了新的思路和方法。     

一种简化的OFDM信道估计方法

OFDM（JE交频分复用）技术是无线通信领域的重要技术,研究信道估计精度对系统性能有着直接的影响。提出了基于导频插入的LS（最小二乘法估计）、MMSE（最小均方误差估计）和SVD（奇异值分解）信道估计方法。并针对MMSE算法有很好的性能但复杂度大,LS算法复杂度低但性能受到限制,提出了一种改进方法。采用广义平稳非相关散射下的多径时变瑞利信道模型,对各个算法进行了仿真试验,得出不同算法的信道估计中误比特曲线,比较了各个算法的性能。仿真结果表明：改进的算法有好的性能和低的复杂度。     

一种快速鲁棒运动估计方法

经典的相位法易受高频噪声影响,且计算量大,难以满足实时性要求。提出了基于提升小波变换和离线预建立相关归一化系数与旋转角度对应关系数据库的快速鲁棒运动估计方法。试验结果表明,该方法在保持较高估计精度的情况下,具有较快的估计时间和较好的鲁棒性。     

Adaptive signal processing of asset price dynamics with predictability analysis

In this paper we illustrate the optimal filtering of log returns of commodity prices in which both the mean and volatility are modulated by a hidden Markov chain with finite state space. The optimal estimate of the Markov chain and the parameters of the price model are given in terms of discrete-time recursive filters. We provide an application on a set of high frequency gold price data for the period 1973-2006 and analyse the h-step ahead price predictions against the Diebold-Kilian metric. Within the modelling framework where the mean and volatility are switching regimes, our findings suggest that a two-state hidden Markov model is sufficient to describe the dynamics of the data and the gold price is predictable up to a certain extent in the short term but almost impossible to predict in the long term. The proposed model is also benchmarked with ARCH and GARCH models with respect to price predictability and forecasting errors.     

Retrieving ocean surface current by 4-D variational assimilation of sea surface temperature images

In this article we propose a new method to estimate ocean mesoscale structures of the surface current velocity by processing sea surface satellite images. Assuming that the intensity level can be described by a transport-diffusion equation, the proposed approach is based on variational assimilation of image observations within a simple transport-diffusion model. This approach permits to retrieve the current velocity field from a sequence of satellite images. Results of processing synthetic data and real NOAA-AVHRR satellite images are presented and commented.     

Segmented software cost estimation models based on fuzzy clustering

Parametric software cost estimation models are based on mathematical relations, obtained from the study of historical software projects databases, that intend to be useful to estimate the effort and time required to develop a software product. Those databases often integrate data coming from projects of a heterogeneous nature. This entails that it is difficult to obtain a reasonably reliable single parametric model for the range of diverging project sizes and characteristics. A solution proposed elsewhere for that problem was the use of segmented models in which several models combined into a single one contribute to the estimates depending on the concrete characteristic of the inputs. However, a second problem arises with the use of segmented models, since the belonging of concrete projects to segments or clusters is subject to a degree of fuzziness, i.e. a given project can be considered to belong to several segments with different degrees.This paper reports the first exploration of a possible solution for both problems together, using a segmented model based on fuzzy clusters of the project space. The use of fuzzy clustering allows obtaining different mathematical models for each cluster and also allows the items of a project database to contribute to more than one cluster, while preserving constant time execution of the estimation process. The results of an evaluation of a concrete model using the ISBSG 8 project database are reported, yielding better figures of adjustment than its crisp counterpart.     

Robust Kalman filtering for uncertain discrete-time systems with probabilistic parameters bounded within a polytope

We consider the problem of finite horizon discrete-time Kalman filtering for systems with parametric uncertainties. Specifically, we consider unknown but deterministic uncertainties where the uncertain parameters are assumed to lie in a convex polyhedron with uniform probability density. The condition and a procedure for the construction of a suboptimal filter that minimizes an expected error covariance over-bound are derived.